the accountability for reasonableness (afr) concept has been developed and discussed for over two decades. its interpretation has been studied in several ways partly guided by the specific settings and the researchers involved. this has again influenced the development of the concept, but not led to universal application. the potential use in health technology assessments (htas) has recently be...

Purpose: Existing attempts to assess national development and processes of democratization suffer from conceptual and measurement challenges. This paper proposes a comprehensive concept of democratic development and develops a more inclusive concept of democracy to provide a common set of categories to evaluate its depth and quality. Design/methodology/approach: In order to measure the depth an...

today, south korea has become a successful pattern for less- developed countries. this article attempts to explain its successful experience in economic development in the framework of pattern of non-democratic developmental state. in this pattern developed by adrian leftwich, the main focus is on political-sociological context affecting economic development. the main characteristics of develop...

purpose:  the paper aims to focus on south africa’s poor economic performance and the regular downgrades of the country’s economic and financial rating by international rating agencies. it attempts to show that these continuous downgrades are a recipe for economic and financial disaster in the long – run; that the continuance of this phenomenon will stymie the implementation of the national dev...

How does aid impact democracy in sub-Saharan Africa? Drawing on existing literature, this study elaborates on the various channels, direct and indirect, through which development and democracy aid has influenced transitions to multi-party regimes and democratic consolidation within the region. The study’s findings are at least threefold. First, development aid was effective at promoting democra...

With the emergence of collaborative knowledge goods such as Wikipedia, the demo­ cratic evolution of documents seems to be a minor step in the further evolution of democracy. However, a proper theory for the development and exploitation of democratic text information systems is missing. We propose the development of a framework for democratic text evolution that includes both techni cal and soc...

ples includes the right to a state of their own. However, the foundation of a state does not increase the freedom of a people. The system of the United Nations that is based on nation-states has remained inefficient. Meanwhile, nation-states have become serious obstacles for any social development. Democratic confederalism is the contrasting paradigm of the oppressed people. Democratic confeder...